{"id":28014,"date":"2025-07-24T10:25:21","date_gmt":"2025-07-24T10:25:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.osd.at\/?p=28014"},"modified":"2025-07-24T10:25:21","modified_gmt":"2025-07-24T10:25:21","slug":"typical-mistakes-learning-german-part-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.osd.at\/en\/blog\/2025\/07\/24\/typical-mistakes-learning-german-part-2\/","title":{"rendered":"Typical mistakes when learning German and how to avoid them \u2013 Part 2"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>In which case (= casus) is a word or part of a sentence? What do prepositions have to do with cases? And how can you combine parts of sentences and whole sentences? Questions upon questions that often lead to grammatical errors for German learners. But there&#8217;s no need to worry. Today we&#8217;ll give you a few answers to these questions so that you can avoid typical mistakes when learning German in the future.<\/strong><\/p>\n<h2>1. The chaos with the four cases \u2013 what was that again?<\/h2>\n<p>If you are currently <a href=\"https:\/\/www.osd.at\/en\/?p=27292\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">learning German<\/a>, the four cases \u2013 <strong>nominative, accusative, dative<\/strong> and <strong>genitive<\/strong> \u2013 can be a real challenge, which is why they also lead to many typical mistakes. <strong>Nouns, pronouns, adjectives<\/strong> and <strong>articles<\/strong> must always be in the <strong>correct case<\/strong> so that sentences in German don&#8217;t sound incomprehensible.<\/p>\n<p>Each case has a specific meaningful task in the respective sentence and can be correctly assigned using a separate <strong>control question<\/strong>. So let&#8217;s take a closer look at this:<\/p>\n<p><strong>Nominative<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The<strong> nominative<\/strong> refers to the<strong> subject<\/strong>, that is what <strong>performs the action. <\/strong>In this case you\u00a0can use the control question <span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">&#8220;Wer oder Was?\u201c<\/span> (= Who or what?)<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>German example: &#8220;<span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">Der Hund<\/span> l\u00e4uft.\u201d<\/li>\n<li>English example: &#8220;The dog runs.&#8221;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Accusative<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The <strong>accusative<\/strong> then shows the <strong>direct object<\/strong>, that is what the <strong>action is directed towards. <\/strong>For the direct object, you ask: \u00a0&#8220;<span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">Wen oder Was?<\/span>\u201d (= Who or what?)<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>German example: &#8220;Ich kaufe <span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">den Hund<\/span>.\u201c<\/li>\n<li>English example: &#8220;I buy the dog.&#8221;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Dative<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The<strong> dative<\/strong> is used for the <strong>indirect object<\/strong>, that is the object <strong>which benefits from<\/strong> or is affected by the <strong>action.<\/strong>\u00a0The corresponding control question is: \u201c<span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">Wem?<\/span>\u201d (= To whom?)<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>German example: &#8220;Ich gebe <span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">dem Hund<\/span>\u00a0einen Ball.\u201c<\/li>\n<li>English example: \u201cI&#8217;ll give the dog a ball.\u201d<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Be careful<\/strong>, there is a small stumbling block here that can quickly lead to errors when forming plurals. When we use the <strong>dative case<\/strong> in the <strong>plural<\/strong>, we need the article \u201cden\u201d instead of \u201cdie\u201d and in the noun we need the ending \u201c-n\u201d. For instance, we use \u201cdie Hunde\u201d (= plural of \u201cder Hund\u201d) in the dative plural as follows:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>German example: &#8220;Ich gebe <span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">den Hunden<\/span>\u00a0einen Ball.\u201c<\/li>\n<li>English example: \u201cI give the dogs a ball.\u201d<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Genitive<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The <strong>genitive<\/strong> shows <strong>possession or belonging <\/strong>and is checked with the question \u201c<span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">Wessen?<\/span>\u201d (= Whose?). Even in the singular, we have to be precise with the genitive! It is not enough to use the correct article. Furthermore you have to pay attention to the ending, since masculine and neutral nouns need the ending \u201cs\u201d or \u201ces\u201d.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>German example: &#8220;Das Spielzeug <span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">des Hundes<\/span> ist neu.\u201c<\/li>\n<li>English example: \u201cThe dog&#8217;s toy is new.\u201d<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<blockquote><p>We also have to <strong>be careful<\/strong> when forming plurals. If we use the <strong>genitive<\/strong> in the<strong> plural<\/strong>, we need the article \u201cder\u201d instead of \u201cdie\u201d, as in:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>German example: &#8220;Das Fell <span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">der Hunde<\/span>\u00a0ist weich.\u201c<\/li>\n<li>English example: \u201cThe dogs&#8217; fur is soft.\u201d<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/blockquote>\n<h2>2. Typical mistakes when learning German with prepositions<\/h2>\n<p>It is important to know that <strong>prepositions<\/strong> in German always require a specific case <strong>(accusative, dative or genitive)<\/strong>. For instance, \u201cmit\u201d always requires the <strong>dative case, \u201cmit dem Freund\u201d<\/strong> (= with the friend), while <strong>\u201cf\u00fcr\u201d<\/strong>\u00a0only requires the <strong>accusative<\/strong> case: \u201cf\u00fcr den Freund\u201d (= for the friend).<\/p>\n<p><strong>Please note:<\/strong> With some prepositions that we use very frequently, such as \u201cin\u201d, we even have to <strong>choose between the accusative<\/strong> and <strong>dative<\/strong>. The question \u201cWo oder Wohin?\u201d (= Where or where to?) helps us to decide on the correct case.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">When asked \u201cWhere?\u201d, we use the dative case, like: \u201cIch bin in der Schule.\u201d (= &#8220;I am at school.&#8221;)<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">For the question \u201cWhere to?\u201d it must be the accusative: \u201cIch gehe in die Schule.\u201d (= \u201cI am going to school.\u201d)<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>One of the <strong>prepositions<\/strong> that is preferably used with the<strong> genitive<\/strong> is <strong>\u201cwegen\u201d<\/strong>. In everyday life, many people say \u201cwegen dem Regen\u201d because the dative case is also possible. However in a written text, German professionals will opt for the elegant and correct<strong> \u201cwegen des Regens\u201d<\/strong> (= because of the rain).<\/p>\n<blockquote><p><strong>Our tip:<\/strong> When learning German, take yourself enough time to memorize the prepositions and their corresponding cases. Then you can avoid mistakes in the future! The right questions and example sentences can help you to memorize the rules. \ud83d\udca1<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<h2>3. The art of joining \u2013 conjunctions in German<\/h2>\n<p>Another typical mistake when learning German is not <strong>joining sentences<\/strong> together <strong>correctly<\/strong>. Words such as<strong> \u201cund\u201d<\/strong>, <strong>\u201coder\u201d<\/strong> and <strong>\u201caber\u201d<\/strong> play a central role here. These so-called<strong> subordinating conjunctions<\/strong> are important language elements that help us to structure what is said or spoken. For instance, we can use subordinating conjunctions to link two independent main clauses.<\/p>\n<blockquote><p><strong>Important:<\/strong> As two independent clauses are connected, the <strong>sentence position<\/strong> of the individual <strong>main clauses<\/strong> remains as usual: <strong>subject<\/strong> in <strong>position 1<\/strong>, verb in position 2 and then the object.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>Even if you combine two decision questions, the <strong>sentence order<\/strong> in the individual <strong>question sentences<\/strong> does not change: <strong>verb<\/strong> in <strong>position 1<\/strong>, subject in position 2.<\/p>\n<p>When learning German, memorize from the start that a <strong>subordinating conjunction<\/strong> does <strong>not change<\/strong> the <strong>sentence order<\/strong> in the connected sentences. Our examples show you how to use three common subordinating conjunctions correctly.<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>\u201cUnd\u201d connects similar or related information:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>German example: &#8220;Ich esse einen Apfel <strong>und<\/strong> ich trinke Wasser.\u201d<\/li>\n<li>English example: &#8220;I eat an apple <strong>and<\/strong> drink water.&#8221;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>\u201cOder\u201d indicates a choice: <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>German example: &#8220;Fahren wir morgen in die Berge <strong>oder<\/strong> gehen wir in die Stadt?\u201d<\/li>\n<li>English example: &#8220;Are we going to the mountains tomorrow<strong> or<\/strong> are we going to the city?&#8221;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u201cAber\u201d\u00a0expresses a contrast:<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>German example: &#8220;Es ist kalt, <strong>aber<\/strong> die Sonne scheint.\u201d<\/li>\n<li>English example: &#8220;It is cold,<strong> but<\/strong> the sun is shining.&#8221;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<blockquote><p><strong><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Enhance your german and explore our <a href=\"https:\/\/www.osd.at\/en\/blog\/2025\/01\/29\/typical-mistakes-when-learning-german-and-how-to-avoid-them-part-1\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">introductory article<\/a> about typical mistakes.<\/span><\/strong><\/p><\/blockquote>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>In which case (= casus) is a word or part of a sentence? What do&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":37,"featured_media":26661,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_relevanssi_hide_post":"","_relevanssi_hide_content":"","_relevanssi_pin_for_all":"","_relevanssi_pin_keywords":"","_relevanssi_unpin_keywords":"","_relevanssi_related_keywords":"","_relevanssi_related_include_ids":"","_relevanssi_related_exclude_ids":"","_relevanssi_related_no_append":"","_relevanssi_related_not_related":"","_relevanssi_related_posts":"","_relevanssi_noindex_reason":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[185],"tags":[321,324,468,469],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v22.9 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Typical mistakes when learning German \u2013 Part 2<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Typical mistakes in learning German explained simply \u2013 learn how to avoid common pitfalls in 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